Species of Minor Spaces. Transformations of Minor Spaces in Bucharest Residences at the End of the 19th Century and the Early Decades of the 20th Century

This paper aims to investigate both the transformative capacity and the intriguing persistence of minor spaces within Bucharest dwellings from the late 19th century to the early decades of the 20th century. The studied period marks the evolution of urban housing under the dual influence of Western models and national aspirations, up to the moment when the process became centralized. While the exterior of the building, sensitive to the evolution of stylistic trends, may be considered the most dynamic component of architecture, the planimetric configuration, inhabitants’ requirements, and functional organization evolve more slowly, requiring a significant span of time before potential alterations become noticeable. The notable shifts in housing typologies during this period trigger transformations in minor spaces. On the one hand, these secondary spaces support the proper functioning of the dwelling, on the other, they interact with the city’s irregular fabric, typically located “in the back,” in areas conducive to spatial negotiation. Their a-formal dimension enables the release of major rooms, which are subjected to architectural stylistic ideals and the exigencies of the street. While minor spaces are the first to incorporate the latest domestic innovations, housing new appliances and technical systems essential for modern life, their continued presence over the decades silently bears witness to enduring social hierarchies within the home.

This paper will explore two “species” of minor spaces: vertical circulation with secondary access and rooms intended for domestic staff accommodation. Their transformation and the ways in which they interact with emerging housing typologies, as well as with shifting societal expectations regarding domestic protocol, will be examined through the analysis of their characteristics, drawing on architectural plans, municipal building regulations, specialist publications, and period advertisements.